事情是這樣的。眾所周知，小作文考試是以數(shù)據(jù)類(lèi)圖表為主的。而在五種數(shù)據(jù)類(lèi)圖表里面，柱狀圖常年以來(lái)都是一枝獨(dú)秀?？v觀歷史數(shù)據(jù)，每年柱狀圖都會(huì)考到二十個(gè)上下。剛剛過(guò)去的2019年，柱狀圖更是全年發(fā)力，和考生們見(jiàn)面二十四次。正所謂得柱狀圖者得天下也。

其實(shí)，柱狀圖大體上分類(lèi)三類(lèi)，這三類(lèi)都掌握了的話，那么數(shù)據(jù)型圖表就全在掌控之中了。

Part 1長(zhǎng)線圖

看這個(gè)名字大家不要誤會(huì)。原本是講解柱狀圖，怎么突然開(kāi)始扯到線圖了呢?其實(shí)，很多柱狀圖本身就是線圖，而且是幾條長(zhǎng)線。例如下圖：

定睛觀瞧，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，這就是三線圖。而且所有的寫(xiě)作框架、模式與線圖寫(xiě)法幾乎相同。大家只要認(rèn)真參考下面的考官例文自然可以掌握其中奧秘。

(An example of a very good answer from C9 T2)

The chart shows the time spent by UK residents on different types of telephone calls between 1995 and 2002.

Local fixed line calls were the highest throughout the period, rising from 72 billion minutes in 1995 to just under 90 billion in 1998. After peaking at 90 billion the following year, these calls had fallen back to the 1995 figure by 2002.

National and international fixed line calls grew steadily from 38 billion to 61 billion at the end of the period in question, though the growth slowed over the last two years.

There was a dramatic increase in mobile calls from 2 billion to 46 billion minutes. This rise was particularly noticeable between 1999 and 2002, during which time the use of mobile phone tripled.

To sum up, although local fixed line calls were still the most popular in 2002, the gap between the three categories had narrowed considerably over the second half of the period in question.

如此一來(lái)，在考場(chǎng)中各位如果遇到線圖也可以迎刃而解了。

Part 2短線圖

怎么還是線圖?其實(shí)動(dòng)態(tài)圖都大同小異，全部都可以被看作是線圖，動(dòng)態(tài)的柱圖自然也是如此。與長(zhǎng)線不同，短線的寫(xiě)法會(huì)有一點(diǎn)自己的特色，大家可以參考下圖：

本題的數(shù)據(jù)看起來(lái)很是凌亂，但是可以將其分為六類(lèi)(根據(jù)不同頻率)。這六類(lèi)數(shù)據(jù)都是2003, 2006和2013年的數(shù)據(jù)，所以每一類(lèi)可以被看作為一個(gè)短的折線。如此一來(lái)，本題就是六條短的折線構(gòu)成的動(dòng)態(tài)圖。了解這其中原理之后，大家只需要參考下面例文即可。

It is illustrated by this bar chart how the percentage of people with different frequencies of eating in fast food restaurants had changed from 2003 to 2013 in the USA.

The percentage of people who ate there once a week amounted to 31% in 2003, and then increased to 33% in 2006, but underwent a decline hitting at 28% in 2013. The figure for people who ate there several times a week experienced the similar trend from 17% in 2003, to 20% in 2006 and 16% in 2013.

The proportion of people who went there once or twice a month took up 30% in 2003, and encountered a decrease to 25% in 2006 followed by a notice growth to 33% in 2013. Around 14% of people in 2003 went to fast food restaurants only a few times a year, and the proportion of them ascended to 15% in 2006, but then maintained at the same level at 15% in 2013.

People who never went there or every day had their meals there occupied 5% and 4% respectively in 2003, and thereafter figures for both of them descended to 4% and 3% in 2006. After 2006, they both remained the same.

On the whole, in these three comparative years over 50% of people ate there once, twice or even four times a week, whereas people who ate there every day or never amounted to less than 10%.

掌握了此圖的寫(xiě)法，其實(shí)很多動(dòng)態(tài)的表格和餅圖也都可以按圖索驥地完成了。例如C8T2的動(dòng)態(tài)三餅圖，其實(shí)也就是五條短線，寫(xiě)法和上文一樣。而C6T2和C10T2的動(dòng)態(tài)表格也都是由若干短線構(gòu)成，那么寫(xiě)起來(lái)自然還是一樣的配方一樣的味道了。

Part 3靜態(tài)的圖

柱狀圖能屈能伸，可靜可動(dòng)。前面我們見(jiàn)識(shí)了兩種動(dòng)態(tài)的柱狀圖，下面一起來(lái)揭面一個(gè)靜態(tài)的柱狀圖寫(xiě)法。以C10T3題目為例。

本題是典型的靜態(tài)圖，數(shù)據(jù)明顯分為兩類(lèi)。逐類(lèi)書(shū)寫(xiě)，莫忘對(duì)比，就是寫(xiě)這種靜態(tài)圖的關(guān)鍵了。其實(shí)考場(chǎng)中各種靜態(tài)圖的寫(xiě)法都是如此。例如，靜態(tài)表格C7T1，與此題不同之處只是它的數(shù)據(jù)分類(lèi)三類(lèi)而已。同時(shí)，靜態(tài)餅圖C11T1也是一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)分類(lèi)三類(lèi)的題目。寫(xiě)起來(lái)只不過(guò)是比上圖多一個(gè)主段而已，其他無(wú)異。下面例文供各位參考：

Four options that graduates and postgraduates without full-time jobs in the UK in 2008 would choose are illustrated by these two bar charts.

In terms of graduates without full-time employment, the majority of them (29,625) would like to further their study, and nearly the same amount of them chose part-time work (17,735) or to be unemployed (16,235), with 1,500 more choosing to work part time. Besides, voluntary work was the least popular choice, as only 3,500 of them selected it.

More interestingly, to further their study was also the most welcomed destination for postgraduates who did not get a full time job, with 2,725 of them pursuing it, followed by the second most prevalent choice part-time work chosen by 2,535. Meanwhile, 1,625 of them suffered from unemployment, and only 345 of them thought what they would like to do was voluntary work.

In summary, for those graduates and postgraduates, doing further study was the option attracting most of them, whereas doing voluntary work was the least popular choice.

Part 4莫慌!

考場(chǎng)中見(jiàn)了一些略顯詭異的柱圖，各位莫慌。以上題為例。這也是柱圖，色彩斑斕，標(biāo)新立異，柱圖其外，線圖其中。仔細(xì)一看，還是動(dòng)態(tài)的柱圖，那么寫(xiě)起來(lái)自然還是五條短線而已?？傃灾灰蠹艺莆樟松厦嫒齻€(gè)柱圖分類(lèi)的寫(xiě)法，在考場(chǎng)中再見(jiàn)到任何數(shù)據(jù)類(lèi)圖表都將易如反掌，如履平地。