東莞英凱教育（環(huán)球雅思分校）
雅思口語(yǔ)7+秘籍-語(yǔ)法運(yùn)用
學(xué)習(xí)雅思并非一朝一夕之事，堅(jiān)持很難卻也很酷。
虛擬語(yǔ)氣
虛擬語(yǔ)氣的定義：
虛擬語(yǔ)氣(Subjunctive Mood)這一語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目是各類英語(yǔ)考試中心測(cè)試的重點(diǎn)之一。虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示說(shuō)話者做出的假設(shè)而非事實(shí)，或難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的情況，甚至表達(dá)徹底相反的概念。
此外如需表達(dá)主觀愿望或某種強(qiáng)烈的感情時(shí)，也可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。即當(dāng)一個(gè)人說(shuō)話時(shí)欲強(qiáng)調(diào)其所說(shuō)的話是基于自己的主觀想法，愿望，假想，猜測(cè)，懷疑或建議，而不是根據(jù)客觀實(shí)際，就用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。虛擬語(yǔ)氣是由句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特殊形式表示出來(lái)的。
在雅思口語(yǔ)考試中，虛擬語(yǔ)氣是一項(xiàng)非常耀眼的語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)，若果考生能夠在口試過(guò)程中及時(shí)準(zhǔn)確地使用出多種虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句型來(lái)回答問(wèn)題，肯定在語(yǔ)法評(píng)分上成為一個(gè)顯著的加分項(xiàng)。
本文從虛擬語(yǔ)氣的4種使用情況為讀者們整理歸納了眾多虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句型。
在條件狀語(yǔ)從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
1.用if條件從句表示的虛擬條件，是虛擬條件最普通的方式。
?、偬摂M現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，其if從句的謂語(yǔ)形式用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式(be一般用were)，主句用would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形。
【句型結(jié)構(gòu)】
If I were _____,I would/should/could/might do_______.
【練習(xí)指導(dǎo)】
Q:How to dispose garbage?
A:You know sometimes,people would litter around because they couldn’t find any trash can at hand.If I were in the position of my city’s mayor,I would invest a large sum of the city’s finance placing lots of trash bins along the roadside.Besides,I would carry out recycling programs and dispose of hazardous materials like batteries with far tougher standards.In a word,I think we just need to dispose of garbage in a safe and environmentally friendly manner.
②虛擬過(guò)去時(shí)是表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，if從句的謂語(yǔ)形式用過(guò)去完成時(shí)（即had＋過(guò)去分詞），主句用would/should/could/might+have+過(guò)去分詞。
【句型結(jié)構(gòu)】
If I had done_____ before,I could have done____.
【練習(xí)指導(dǎo)】
Q:Describe a place you want to visit
A:If I had got enough time and money three years ago,I could have traveled to Santorini which is one of the most luxurious destinations in Greece.
2.除了表示虛假條件外，if從句還可以表示對(duì)將來(lái)的推測(cè)，由于是將來(lái)還沒(méi)有發(fā)生的，所以談不上是真實(shí)的還是虛假的，只能說(shuō)這個(gè)事情發(fā)生的可能性有多大。一般情況下，可以用陳述語(yǔ)氣的if從句來(lái)表示對(duì)一個(gè)未來(lái)事實(shí)的推測(cè)，這個(gè)事實(shí)是完全可能發(fā)生的。
【句型結(jié)構(gòu)】
If sb.were to/should+動(dòng)詞原形，sb.would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形。
【練習(xí)指導(dǎo)】
Q:Will you buy perfume as a gift?
A:To be honest,giving others perfume as a gift is not that common with people I know.We prefer giving flowers or books instead because perfume seems to be kind of private.But it is really my mom’s favorite.If I should buy a bottle of Miss Dior for mom as her birthday gift,she might love it for sure.
含蓄條件句
非真實(shí)條件句中的條件從句有時(shí)不表達(dá)出來(lái)，只暗含在副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、上下文或其他方式表示出來(lái)，這種句子叫做含蓄條件句，在多數(shù)情況下，條件會(huì)暗含在短語(yǔ)中，如without…，but for…（要不是因?yàn)?#8230;）等。
【句型結(jié)構(gòu)】
But for+noun,sb.would do…
Without+noun,sb.would not have done…
…,otherwise sb.would have done…
【練習(xí)指導(dǎo)】
Q:Do you think mathematics is important in our life?
A:Yes,I think so.You know,in our daily lives,most of us just think of mathematics as adding and subtracting like when go shopping,however,when you think about it more closely,you will realize that without mathematics,modern life would not be impossible.For instance,even some simple structures we take for granted such as bridge requires hundreds of different mathematical calculations in order to be designed,built and used safely.
用在賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
1.在表示愿望的動(dòng)詞wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。（wish后的that常省略），根據(jù)主句時(shí)態(tài)，從句謂語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)相應(yīng)退后一位。
【句型結(jié)構(gòu)】
I wish I were…
I wish I could have done…
I wish I could/would do…
【練習(xí)指導(dǎo)】
Q:What kind of books do you like to read?
A:I wish I were more of a bookworm.To be honest,I don’t really have the patience to sit through a novel,I get distracted too easily and forget what I have read.When I do read,its usually a magazine or a short news article or something like that.
2.在具有愿望、請(qǐng)求、建議、命令等主觀意愿的動(dòng)詞(desire,demand,advice,insist,require,suggest,propose,order,recommend,decide…)后的賓語(yǔ)從句中需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用(should)+動(dòng)詞原形。值得注意的是，如果賓語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞是否定的，否定詞not的位置應(yīng)在動(dòng)詞之前，而不是動(dòng)詞之后。
?、僭贗t is+上述動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞，其后所跟的主語(yǔ)從句中，如It is suggested that pupils wear school uniforms.
【句型結(jié)構(gòu)】
It is suggested that…
It is demanded that…
It is required that…
It is recommended that…
【練習(xí)指導(dǎo)】
Q:Do you think schools should educate children to protect the environment?
A:Since on weekdays,children spend most of their time at school,I do believe that to maintain a healthy lifestyle,children should be educated in a positive way about the environment in order to create a sense of consciousness and participation.It is suggested that children should learn how to classify the garbage,have the awareness of pollution reduction and so on.
?、诒硎尽敖ㄗh”后的賓語(yǔ)從句。主要是指advise，suggest，propose，recommend等的賓語(yǔ)從句，從句謂語(yǔ)由“should+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成。
【句型結(jié)構(gòu)】
…advise…should do…
…suggest…should do…
…recommend…should do…
【練習(xí)指導(dǎo)】
Q:Do you like drinking water?
A:Well,it is not a matter of likes or dislikes but a quite crucial part of our daily life.My mother always advises me that I should drink at least eight cups of water a day to keep my body moisturizing.
3.一般would rather，had rather，would sooner等之后的賓語(yǔ)從句常表示與客觀事實(shí)不相符的一種愿望，故使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。would（had）rather,would sooner也用來(lái)表達(dá)主觀愿望，它們之后的賓語(yǔ)從句中需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)，用過(guò)去完成式表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反。
【句型結(jié)構(gòu)】
……would rather+v+ed
……h(huán)ad rather+v+ed
……would sooner…v+ed
【練習(xí)指導(dǎo)】
Q:What kind of movies do you like?
A:Actions movies are the kind I preferred.I'd rather I had seen the Avengers earlier,as opposed to the romantic-comedy my girlfriend wanted to see.
其他形式的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
1.It is+necessary等形容詞后，that主語(yǔ)從句中虛擬形式使用，這類形容詞包括necessary,important,essential,imperative,urgent,preferable,vital,advisable等。
【句型結(jié)構(gòu)】
It is…….that+主語(yǔ)從句，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用should+動(dòng)詞原形
【練習(xí)指導(dǎo)】
Q:Do you often wear makeup?
A:Once in a blue moon.I take part in some stage(art)performances occasionally.It is necessary that I should wear some makeup for those special events.
2.在if only引起的感嘆句中需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式或過(guò)去完成式。
【句型結(jié)構(gòu)】
If only…were…/could have done…/could/would do…
【練習(xí)指導(dǎo)】
Q:Do you think people should protect our environment?
A:To my mind,of course.If only people were more aware of how fragile and delicate the natural environment was,we would surely pay more attention to protecting and conserving it.
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