東莞英凱教育(環(huán)球雅思分校)
雅思口語備考秘籍之語音與語調
- 2025年8月1日
- 文章來自: dgukedu
- 分類: 雅思備考
話語中聲調高低的變化叫做語調。
語調是英語語言的一種特性,它可以使話語的含義表達得更加完整和明確,可以幫助人們表達不同情感。借助語調來表明句子中單詞和句子之間的語法關系是什么,表示說話者對他人或思考對象的態(tài)度和表達的隱含意思。
同一句話用不一樣的語調表達出來,表示的含義可能完全不同。
英語為母語的人在對話過程中對語調比較敏感,而英語為第二語言學習者往往掌握不好語調的運用。倘若用錯語調,可能會出現(xiàn)自己不知,而已經引起他人誤會的情況。
了解并掌握有關英語語調的相關知識可以促進無障礙地域英語國家的人們進行交流。
在雅思口語考試中,考生的語調控制能力也是一個重要的評分標準。下面筆者總結歸納了英語語調的三大功能:
1語調的表態(tài)功能
英語語調能夠表達說話者的喜惡和態(tài)度。高興、驚奇、生氣、悲傷、寬慰、憤怒、不感興趣、保留意見等都可以通過語調準確表達出來。因此,表明說話者態(tài)度是英語語調最普遍性的功能。
2語調的強調功能
英語語調單位又稱作語調群,一個完整的語調單位由調冠、調頭、調核和調尾四部分組成。其中調核是最重要性的音節(jié),它的改變可能帶來句子強調重心的改變。
通過調核調整,說話者可以把聽眾的注意力集中到重要內容上,突出自己想要強調的部分。
3語調的語法功能
語調中所涵蓋的信息和語調單位的劃分、調核位置的變化以及調型的選擇等能保住聽者更準確地識別語法和句法結構,了解句子意思。
首先語調的語法功能可以體現(xiàn)在區(qū)分陳述句和疑問句上。其次,語調的語法功能可以幫助模糊不清有歧義的句子把意思表達清楚。
a)降調形式
句式 |
例句 |
a) 陳述句 |
Thank you↓. You’re quite right. I’m afraid I must be off. |
b) 特殊疑問句 |
What time can I see you? What’s the matter with you? How long have you lived in this city? |
c) 祈使句 |
Come in. Have a seat. Show me your ID card. |
d) 感嘆句 |
What a hot day! How silly it is! Isn’t it lovely! |
b)升調形式
句式 |
例句 |
a) 一般疑問句 |
Have you been staying here long? Are you free tomorrow morning? Is your major difficult to learn? |
b) 祈使句 |
Won’t you take a seat? Shall we start right now? Could you rephrase your question? |
c) 陳述句 |
I can’t wait that long. I’m sorry to have kept you waiting. I thought everything would be all right. |
c)升調在前,降調在后(前升、后降)
句式 |
例句 |
a) 選擇疑問句,要求回答者選擇任何一個 |
Do you prefer tea↑ or coffee↓? Is he still here↑ or has he gone home already↓? Which one do you think is better, urban life↑ or rural life↓? |
b) 以狀語或者狀語從句開始的句子 |
At ten o’clock in the morning↑, the game began↓. When I was a freshman↑, I joined the student union↓. As long as you have more confidence↑, you’ll definitely speak good English well↓. |
c) 羅列事物 |
She’s confident↑, diligent ↑and self-motivated↓. There’s a chair↑, a table↑, a bed↑ and a desk↓ in the room↓. We prepared a variety of food for the picnic, like fruits↑, cookies↑, salad↑ and sandwiches↓. |
d)降調在前,升調在后(前降、后升)
句式 |
例句 |
a) 反義疑問句,表示說話人有一些疑惑,要肯定一下自己的看法 |
He works in a bank in town↓, doesn’t he↑? You went to the concert yesterday, didn’t you? You have graduated from the university, haven’t you? |
b) 前面是陳述句,后面有一個表示不肯定或有疑慮的附加語 |
It’s going to rain↓, I’m afraid↑. |
e)前后都是降調(前降、后降)
句式 |
例句 |
c) 主語在前,狀語或狀語從句在后的陳述句 |
He will know better ↓when he gets older↓. I am not going to go back to my hometown↓ after I graduate from the university↓. Amy has been working so hard in her English study↓ so that she could obtain a good mark in the IELTS test↓. |
d) 有兩個或兩個以上并列句的句子 |
The telephone rang↓, but I didn’t answer it↓. I got stuck in the heavy traffic↓, so I was totally late for the concert↓. Chris left his hometown in his younger age, struggled alone in another city and eventually he made his dream realized. |
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